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• Augustine of Hippo, "Sermon 156", excerpt in Documents in Early Christian Thought, ed. Maurice Wiles and Mark Santer, 122-126. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.

• Bauschatz, Paul C. The Well and the Tree: World and Time in Early Germanic Culture. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982

• Bede. Ecclesiastical History of the English People trans.by Leo Sherley- Price, revised by R. E. Latham. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1955, revised 1965, 1968, 1990

• Blain, Jenny. Understanding Wyrd: The Norns and the Tree. Devizes, Wiltshire: Wyrd's Well, 2000.

• Byock, Jesse L., trans. The Saga of the Volsungs Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

• Hreinsson, Viðar, ed. The Complete Sagas of the Icelanders. Reykjavik: Leifur Eiríksson Publishing, 1997.

• Otto, Rudolf. The Idea of the Holy, trans. John W. Harvey. 2d ed. London: Oxford University Press, 1950

• Poetic Edda. trans. Henry Adams Bellows. New York: American Scandinavian Foundation, 1923

• Sturluson, Snorri. Edda. trans. Anthony Faulkes London: Everyman, 1987.